Multi-threading

Thread Class

Explanation:
Java provides built-in multithreading support through the Thread class and Runnable interface. Threads allow multiple tasks to execute concurrently within the same program. Multithreading enhances performance in applications that perform heavy computations or require responsiveness under load.

Code:

class Worker extends Thread {
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("Task running");
    }
}

new Worker().start();

Technical Example:
Web servers handle thousands of user requests concurrently using thread pools.

Use Cases:
• Concurrency in enterprise apps
• Real-time data processing
• Parallel computation

Synchronization Mechanisms

Explanation:
When multiple threads access shared resources, synchronization prevents data inconsistencies. Java provides synchronized blocks, locks, semaphores, and concurrent utilities. The goal is to guarantee atomicity and thread safety.

Code:

synchronized void increment() {
    count++;
}

Technical Example:
Banking applications synchronize operations on shared account balances to avoid race conditions.

Use Cases:
• Multi-threaded servers
• Financial transaction systems
• Distributed computing